Inheritance of resistance to Fusarium wilt in Indian lentil germplasm (Lens culinaris Medik.)

Summary Three lentil genotypes resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lentis viz. Pant L 234, JL 446 and LP 286 were crossed with two susceptible ones. The hybrid plants were all resistant in the eight crosses evaluated. Segregation pattern for wilt reaction in F₂, BC(P₁), BC(P₂) and F₃ generations in field and glasshouse conditions indicated that resistance to Fusarium wilt is under the control of two dominant duplicate genes in Pant L 234 and two independent dominant genes with complementary effects in JL 446 and LP 286. A third dominant gene complementary to the dominant genes in JL 446 and LP 286 is present in two susceptible lines. Allelic tests suggest the presence of five independently segregating genes for resistance. Duplicate dominant genes in Pant L 234 are non-allelic to two dominant genes with complementary effects in LP 286 and JL 446 and the third gene complementary to the two genes in JL 446 and LP 286 in susceptible lines JL 641 and L 9–12. Gene symbols among parental genotypes have been designated.     

压片法和熔融盐法制备沸石氮肥的养分释放特性

不同沸石分别与硝酸铵混合压片和硝酸铵熔融盐反应制备沸石氮肥，利用水冲洗和土壤淋溶法对它们的释放特性进行初步评价和比较。发现熔融盐反应制备的沸石氮肥比用压片法制备的沸石氮肥具有更强的抗水冲洗和土壤盐溶液溶解能力，在平稳释放的过程中负载硝酸铵的量也较高。他们以较低的浓度平稳释放，具有一定缓慢释放的效果。     

梅山猪、大白猪和梅大杂交猪背最长肌中差异表达的14个表达序列标签的分离、鉴定及组织表达分析

为了揭示猪杂种优势的分子机理,利用mRNA差异显示技术研究梅山猪,大白猪和梅大杂交猪背最长肌中基因表达的差异,分离14条在杂种与纯种背最长肌中差异表达的表达序列标签(EST),并用半定量RT-PCR鉴定.核苷酸序列分析表明,这14个EST与已知的基因或表达序列标签没有明显的同源性,随后这14条EST被提交到GenBank数据库.组织表达谱分析揭示了这些EST在心、脾、肝、肾、小肠、卵巢、肺等绝大多数组织中表达,说明这些基因对生命过程很重要.这些研究结果表明梅山×大白杂交组合的杂种与纯种之间的不同基因差异表达的方向存在巨大差异,猪杂种优势可能是在一定阶段有诸多不同的必不可少的基因向各种方向差异表达共同作用的结果.     

初始pH值对鸡骨素酶解液Maillard反应产物的影响

以鸡骨素酶解液为原料,研究了不同初始p H值条件下,添加木糖、半胱氨酸及硫胺素制备的Maillard反应产物(MRPs,maillard reaction products)在热反应过程中的特性变化。研究表明,p H值差异引起各体系氨基酸和总糖初始含量及变化趋势差异,p H值5、7和9体系反应终点多肽含量分别为100.11、100.01、104.55 mg·m L-1;与其它2个体系相比,p H值9体系分子量为2.3、1.39k Da的峰消失,出现峰面积较大的2.95k Da峰和较小的1.04k Da峰,褐变程度为p H值7体系的1.7倍;随着p H值升高,不同体系的MRPs风味主成分存在一定差异,p H值7体系的有机硫化物电子鼻响应值约为其它两个体系的1.6倍,p H值9体系的氮氧化物响应值最大。不同初始p H值影响添加物的含量及状态,导致各体系Maillard反应历程不同,引起MRPs化学组分的差异。本研究为鸡骨素酶解液MRPs风味及功能组分生成机制的研究及鸡骨高值化衍生产品的开发提供一定理论参考。     

Microbial diversity in soil: ecological theories, the contribution of molecular techniques and the impact of transgenic plants and transgenic microorganisms

This review mainly discusses three related topics: the application of ecological theories to soil, the measurement of microbial diversity by molecular techniques and the impact of transgenic plants and microorganisms on genetic diversity of soil. These topics were debated at the Meeting on Soil Emergency held in Erice (Trapani, Italy) in 2001 for the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the Italian Society of Soil Science. Ecological theories have been developed by studying aboveground ecosystems but have neglected the belowground systems, despite the importance of the latter to the global nutrient cycling and to the presence of life on the Earth. Microbial diversity within the soil is crucial to many functions but it has been difficult in the past to determine the major components. Traditional methods of analysis are useful but with the use of molecular methods it is now possible to detect both culturable and unculturable microbial species. Despite these advances, the link between microbial diversity and soil functions is still a major challenge. Generally studies on genetically modified bacteria have not addressed directly the issue of microbial diversity, being mainly focused on their persistence in the environment, colonization ability in the rhizosphere, and survival. Concerns have been raised that transgenic plants might affect microbial communities in addition to environmental factors related to agricultural practice, season, field site and year. Transgenic plant DNA originating from senescent or degraded plant material or pollen has been shown to persist in soil. Horizontal transfer of transgenic plant DNA to bacteria has been shown by the restoration of deleted antibiotic resistance genes under laboratory in filter transformations, in sterile soil or in planta. However, the transformation frequencies under field conditions are supposed to be very low. It is important to underline that the public debate about antibiotic resistant genes in transgenic plants should not divert the attention from the real causes of bacterial resistance to antibiotics, such as the continued abuse and overuse of antibiotics prescribed by physicians and in animal husbandry.     

杨树ISSR反应体系的建立及正交设计优化

采用正交设计的方法,对杨树ISSR-PCR反应中5个因素(Taq酶、Mg2+、模板DNA、dNTP和引物)在4个水平上进行优化试验。建立了适合杨树的既稳定又能扩出最多数量谱带的ISSR-PCR最佳反应体系,即25μl的反应体系中含有1×buffer,0.12mmol/L dNTP,0.4μmol/L引物,3.5 mmol/L Mg2+,1.5UTaqDNA聚合酶和40ng模板DNA。对杨树ISSR-PCR最佳反应体系的退火温度进行梯度试验,发现引物W95142的最适退火温度为56.1℃,且最适退火温度因引物而异。这一优化的ISSR-PCR反应体系的建立为今后利用ISSR技术进行杨树种质资源分类、遗传图谱构建和基因定位奠定了技术基础。     

胰蛋白酶对壳聚糖的降解研究

用粘度法和吸光度法，研究胰蛋白酶非专一性降解壳聚糖过程中温度、PH值、反应时间、酶浓度、底物浓度。金属离子对胰蛋白酶降解壳聚糖反应的影响，确定了以壳聚糖为底物的胰蛋白酶的一些催化特性：最适温度为30℃，最适PH值为5.0,10-180min内酶反应速度恒定，酶浓度在0.1-0.5g/L的范围内，酶反应速度与酶浓度呈线性关系，米氏常数Km为9.54g/L。     

Molecular Evidence for Persistence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in the Absence of Clinical Abnormalities in Horses after Recovery from Acute Experimental Infection

Background: Anaplasma phagocytophilum infects several mammalian species, and can persist in sheep, dogs, and calves. However, whether this organism persists in horses or induces long-term clinical abnormalities is not known.
Objectives: To evaluate whether A. phagocytophilum can persist in horses and to document clinical findings for 3 months after complete recovery from acute disease.
Animals: Five clinically normal adult horses that had recovered spontaneously from experimentally induced acute disease caused by a Swedish equine isolate of A. phagocytophilum .
Methods: Horses were monitored for up to 129 days post inoculation (PI) by daily clinical examination and at least alternate day blood sampling for evidence of A. phagocytophilum on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and blood smears. All horses were euthanized and underwent postmortem examination.
Results: All horses were periodically PCR positive after recovery from acute infection. Before day 66 PI 2 horses were persistently PCR negative whereas 3 horses were intermittently PCR positive. Subsequently, 4 of 5 horses were intermittently PCR positive, particularly after stress mimicking interventions. One animal was positive immediately before postmortem examination. Clinical abnormalities related to persistence of anaplasma were not observed. No specific changes were found at postmortem examination, and all sampled tissues from all horses were negative on PCR for A. phagocytophilum .
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Infection with A. phagocytophilum can persist in the horse for at least 129 days. However, the continued presence of the organism is not associated with detectable clinical or pathological abnormalities.     

Increasing patient safety in veterinary transfusion medicine: an overview of pretransfusion testing

Objectives – To review the principles and available technology for pretransfusion testing in veterinary medicine and discuss the indications and importance of test performance before RBC transfusion.
Data Sources – Current human and veterinary medical literature: original research articles and scientific reviews.
Summary – Indications for RBC transfusion in veterinary medicine include severe anemia or tissue hypoxia resulting from blood loss, decreased erythrocyte production, and hemolyzing conditions such as immune-mediated anemia and neonatal isoerythrolysis. Proper blood sample collection, handling, and identification are imperative for high-quality pretransfusion testing. Point-of-care blood typing methods including both typing cards and rapid gel agglutination are readily available for some species. Following blood typing, crossmatching is performed on one or more donor units of appropriate blood type. As an alternative to technically demanding tube crossmatching methods, a point-of-care gel agglutination method has recently become available for use in dogs and cats. Crossmatching reduces the risk of hemolytic transfusion reactions but does not completely eliminate the risk of other types of transfusion reactions in veterinary patients, and for this reason, all transfusion reactions should be appropriately documented and investigated.
Conclusion – The administration of blood products is a resource-intensive function of veterinary medicine and optimizing patient safety in transfusion medicine is multifaceted. Adverse reactions can be life threatening. Appropriate donor screening and collection combined with pretransfusion testing decreases the occurrence of incompatible transfusion reactions.     

鹿结核病的诊断方法研究进展

鹿结核病是由结核分枝杆菌引起的鹿的一种慢性、消耗性传染病,广泛流行于世界各地,几乎每个国家的鹿场都曾发生过结核病或曾经检出过结核病菌.鹿结核病目前尚无规定性的诊断方法,本文对鹿结核病的诊断方法研究进展作综述,作为进一步研究发展鹿结核病的诊断方法的借鉴.